CYP2D6 Ultrarapid Metabolism and Morphine/Codeine Ratios in Blood: Was it Codeine or Heroin?
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
CYP2D6 Ultrarapid Metabolism and Suicide
An increased frequency of individuals with multiplication of the CYP2D6 active gene (ultrarapid metabolizers –UMsrelated to very fast enzyme activity) has been described among people who die by suicide [1], as well as among eating disordered patients with a lifetime history of suicidal behavior [2]. Furthermore, UMs have been found to present an elevated risk of high scores on one item of the H...
متن کاملGenetic transmission of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) ultrarapid metabolism: implications for breastfeeding women taking codeine.
The pro-drug codeine is commonly prescribed for postpartum pain relief in North America. The safety of codeine during breastfeeding is related in part to the extent of the active morphine metabolite catalyzed from codeine via the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme. In mothers who have greater than two functional copies of the CYP2D6 gene (CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolism phenotype; UM) a substanti...
متن کاملUltrarapid drug metabolism: PCR-based detection of CYP2D6 gene duplication.
The enzyme debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (CYP2D6), which metabolizes many widely used drugs, is highly polymorphic. The activity of the enzyme ranges between subjects from ultrafast to a complete absence. Therefore, metabolic capacity varies, producing intersubject differences in therapeutic efficacy and side effects at standard recommended doses. Up to 7% of Caucasians may demonstrate ultrarapid ...
متن کاملCodeine Therapy and CYP2D6 Genotype
The CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes a quarter of all prescribed drugs, including codeine. Some individuals have multiple functional copies of the CYP2D6 gene, making them “ultrarapid metabolizers”. They are able to metabolize codeine to morphine more rapidly and more completely. As a result, even with normal doses of codeine, these individuals may experience the symptoms of morphine overdose, which i...
متن کاملConcentration ratios of morphine to codeine in blood of impaired drivers as evidence of heroin use and not medication with codeine.
BACKGROUND Both the illicit drug heroin and the prescription drug codeine are metabolized to morphine, which tends to complicate interpretation of opiate-positive samples. We report here the concentrations of morphine and codeine, the morphine/codeine ratios, and 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) in blood specimens from individuals arrested for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) in Sweden. The r...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
سال: 2008
ISSN: 0146-4760,1945-2403
DOI: 10.1093/jat/32.2.178